Ingredient |
Amount |
Substitution |
Allspice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. cinnamon and 1/2 tsp. ground cloves |
Apple pie spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. nutmeg and 1/8 tsp. cardamom |
Arrowroot |
1 1/2 tsp. |
1 tbsp. flour or 1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch |
Baking powder |
1 tsp. |
1/3 tsp. banking soda and 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar |
Baking powder |
1 tsp. |
1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1/2 cup sour milk or buttermilk (Decrease liquid called for in the recipe by 1/2 cup.) |
Baking powder |
1 tsp. |
1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1/2 tsp. vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make 1/2 cup. (Decrease liquid called for in the recipe by 1/2 cup.) |
Bay leaf |
1 whole |
1/4 tsp. crushed |
Beau Monde |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. seasoning or seasoned salt |
Beau Monde |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. salt |
Beau Monde |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. Mei Yen seasoning |
Bread |
1 slice dry |
1/3 cup dry breadcrumbs |
Bread |
1 slice soft |
3/4 cup soft breadcrumbs |
Butter |
1 cup |
7/8 to 1 cup hydrogenated fat and 1/2 tsp. salt |
Butter |
1 cup |
7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 tsp. salt |
Butter |
1 cup |
1 cup margarine |
Buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup plain yogurt |
Buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup whole or skim milk plus 1 tbsp. lemon juice or white vinegar |
Buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup milk plus 1 3/4 tsp. cream of tartar |
Chili sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbsp. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, a dash of ground cloves and a dash of allspice |
Chili sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup catsup, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dashes of ground cloves and allspice |
Chives, finely chopped |
2 tsp. |
2 tsp. green onion tops, finely chopped |
Chocolate, chps semisweet |
1 oz. |
1 oz. sweet cooking chocolate |
Chocolate, semisweet |
1 2/3 oz. |
1 oz. unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp. sugar |
Chocolate, unsweetened |
1 oz. or 1 square |
3 tbsp. cocoa plus 1 tbsp. fat |
Coconut cream |
1 cup |
1 cup whpping cream |
Coconut mik |
1 cup |
1 cup whole or 2% milk |
Corn |
1 dozen ears |
2 1/2 cups cooked |
Cornmeal, self-rising |
1 cup |
7/8 cup plain, 1 1/2 tbsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt |
Corn syrup |
1 cup |
1 1/4 up light brown sugar and 1/3 cup water |
Corn syrup |
1 cup |
7/8 cup honey |
Corn syrup, dark |
1 cup |
3/4 cup light corn syrup and 1/4 cup light molasses |
Cornstarch (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
|
Cornstarch (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
2 tbsp. granular tapioca |
Cream, heavy 36% to 40% fat |
1 cup |
3/4 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine (for use in cooking or baking) |
Cream, heavy 36% to 40% fat |
1 cup |
2 to 2 1/2 cup whipped |
Cream, light 18% to 20% fat |
1 cup |
3/4 cup milk and 3 tbsp. butter or margarine (for use in cooking or baking) |
Cream, light 18% to 20% fat |
1 cup |
1 cup evaporated milk |
Cream, whipped |
1 cup |
Chill a 13 oz. can of evaporated milk until ice crystals form. Add 1 tsp. lemon juice. Whip until stiff. |
Dates |
1 lb. |
2 1/2 cup pitted |
Dill plant, fresh or dried |
3 heads |
1 tbsp. dill seed |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 large |
2 tbsp. water and 1/2 tsp. baking powder for cookies/cakes OR 1/2 banana or 1/4 cup applesauce for batter breads or brownies |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 large |
2 1/2 tbsp. sifted, dry whole egg powder and 2 1/2 tbsp. lukewarm water |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 large |
2 yolks and 1 tbsp. water (in cookies) |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 large |
2 yolks (in custards, cream fillings, etc.) |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 large |
2 whites as a thickening agent |
Egg, whole uncooked |
1 cup |
5 large eggs or 6 medium eggs |
Egg white |
1 large |
2 tsp. thawed frozen egg white |
Egg white |
1 large |
2 tbsp. sifted dry egg white powder and 2 tbsp. lukewarm water |
Egg white |
1 cup |
8 large egg whites |
Egg yolk |
1 yolk |
3 1/2 tbsp. thawed frozen egg yolk |
Egg yolk |
1 yolk |
2 tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk |
Egg yolk |
1 cup |
12 large egg yolks |
Fine Herbes |
1/3 cup |
3 tbsp. parsley flakes, 2 tsp. dried chervil, 2 tsp. dried chives 1 tsp. dried tarragon |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch, arrowroot starch, potato starch or rice starch |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. granular tapioca |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. waxy rice flour |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
2 tbsp. browned flour |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1 1/2 tbsp. whole wheat flour |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1/2 tbsp. whole wheat flour and 1/2 tbsp all-purpose flour |
Flour, all-purpose (for thickening) |
1 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. quick-cooking tapioca |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1 cup and 2 tbsp. cake flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1 cup rolled oats, crushed |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1/2 cup cornmeal or soybean flou and 2/3 cup all-purpose flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1/2 cup cornmeal, bran, rice flour or whole wheat flour and 1/2 cup all-purpose flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
3/4 cup whole wheat flour or bran flour and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1 cup rye or rice flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 cup sifted |
1/2 cup soybean flour and 3/4 cup all-purpose flour |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 lb. |
4 cups sifted |
Flour, all-purpose |
1 lb. |
3 1/3 cups unsifted |
Flour, cake |
1 lb. |
|
Flour, cake |
1 cup sifted |
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. siftd all-purpose flour (7/8 cup) |
Flour, self-rising |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tsp all-purpose flour, 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt |
Garlic |
1 clove small |
1/8 tsp. garlic powder |
Garlic salt |
1 tsp. |
1/8 tsp. garlic powder ad 7/8 tsp. salt |
Gelatin, flavored |
Value |
1 tbsp. plain gelatin and 2 cups fruit juice |
Ginger |
1/8 tsp |
1 tbsp. raw ginger |
Herbs, fresh |
1 tbsp. chopped |
1/2 tsp. dried crushed herbs |
Honey |
1 cup |
|
Horseradish |
1 tbsp. |
2 tbsp. bottled fresh |
Ketchup |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar and 2 tbsp. vinegar (for use in cooking) |
Lemon juice |
1 tsp. juice |
1/2 tsp. vinegar |
Lemon peel, dried |
1 tsp. |
grated peel of 1 medium lemon |
Lemon peel, dried |
Value |
1/2 tsp. lemon extract |
Lemon peel, dried |
1 tsp. |
1 to 2 tsp. grated fresh lemon peel |
Lime |
1 medium |
1 1/2 to 2 tbsp. juice |
Maple sugar (grated and packed) |
1/2 cup |
1 cup maple syrup |
Maple sugar (grated and packed) |
1 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. white, granulated sugar |
Marshmallows, miniature |
1 cup |
8-10 regular sized |
Mayonnaise (for salad dressings) |
1 cup |
1/2 cup yogurt and 1/2 cup mayonnaise |
Mayonnaise (for salad dressings) |
1 cup |
1 cup sour cream |
Mayonnaise (for salad dressings) |
1 cup |
1 cup cottage cheese pureed in a blender |
Mei Yen seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. Beau Monde seasoning |
Mei Yen seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. salt |
Milk, buttermilk (or sour) |
1 cup |
1 cup plain yogurt |
Milk, buttermilk (or sour) |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 1 tbsp. sweet milk and 1 tbsp. lemon juice or vinegar (Allow to stand 10 minutes at room temp.) |
Milk, buttermilk (or sour) |
1 cup |
1 cup sweet milk and 1 3/4 tsp. cream of tartar |
Milk, skim |
1 cup |
4 to 5 tbsp. non-fat dry milk powder and enough water to make 1 cup or follow manufacturer's directions |
Milk, skim |
1 cup |
1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water |
Milk, sweetened condensed |
1 can (about 1 1/3 cup) |
Heat the following ingredients until sugar and butter are dissolved; 1/3 cup plus 2 tbsp. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 tbsp. butter or margarine |
Milk, sweetened condensed |
1 can (about 1 1/3 cup) |
Add 1 cup plus 2 tbsp. dry mlk to 1/2 cup warm water. Mix well. Add 3/4 cup sugar and 3 tbsp. melted butter or margarine. Stir until smooth. |
Milk, whole |
1 cup |
1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk (Add 2 tbsp. butter or margarine, if desired). |
Milk, whole |
1 cup |
1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water |
Milk, whole |
1 cup |
4 tbsp. whole dry milk and 1 cup water (or follow manufacturer's directions) |
Milk, whole |
1 cup |
1 cup fruit juice or 1 cup potato water (for use in baking). |
Mushrooms, fresh |
1 lb. |
2 to 3 cup whole |
Mushrooms, fresh |
1 lb. |
3 oz. dried |
Mushrooms, fresh |
1 lb. |
5 cups sliced |
Mushrooms, fresh |
1 lb. |
1 10 oz. can (8 oz., drained weight) |
Mushrooms, canned |
4 oz. |
2 cups sliced fresh |
Mushrooms, canned |
4 oz. |
6 tbsp. whole, dried mushrooms |
Mustard, dry |
1 tsp. |
1 tbsp. prepared mustard |
Onion, fresh |
1 small |
rehydrate 1 tbsp. instant minced onion |
Onion powder |
1 tbsp. |
1 medium onion, chopped |
Onion powder |
1 tbsp. |
4 tbsp. fresh chopped onion |
Onions |
1 lb. |
2 to 2 1/2 cup chopped |
Onions |
1 lb. |
3 large onions |
Orange peel, dried |
1 tbsp. |
2 to 3 tbsp. grated orange peel |
Orange peel, dried |
1 tbsp. |
grated peel of 1 medium orange |
Orange peel, dried |
2 tsp. |
1 tsp. orange extract |
Parsley, dried |
1 tsp. |
3 tsp. fresh parsley, chopped |
Peppers, green bell |
1 tbsp. dried |
3 tbsp. fresh green pepper, chopped |
Peppers, red bell |
1 tbsp. dried |
3 tbsp. fresh red pepper, chopped |
Peppers, red bell |
1 tbsp. dried |
2 tbsp. chopped pimento |
Pimento |
2 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. dried bell peppers, rehydrated |
Pimento |
2 tbsp. |
3 tbsp. fresh red bell pepper, chopped |
Shortening, melted |
1 cup |
1 cup cooking oil (Substitute only if a recipe calls for melted shortening.) |
Shortening, solid (used in baking) |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. lard (7/8 cup) |
Shortening, solid (used in baking) |
1 cup |
1 1/8 cups butter (Decrease salt called for in the recipe by 1/2 tsp.) |
Sour cream, cultured |
1 cup |
3/4 cup sour milk or buttermilk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine |
Sour cream, cultured |
1 cup |
Blend until smooth: 1/3 cup buttermilk, 1 tbsp. lemon juice, and 1 cup cottage cheese |
Sour cream, cultured |
1 cup |
1 cup plain yogurt |
Sour cream, cultured |
1 cup |
3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice and 1/3 cup butter or margarine |
Sugar, brown |
1 cup firmly packed |
1 cup granulated sugar and 1/4 cup molasses |
Sugar, brown |
1 lb. |
2 1/4 cups firmly packed |
Sugar, granulated |
1 lb. |
2 1/4 cups |
Sugar, powdered |
1 lb. |
2 3/4 cups |
Sugar, granulated |
1 tsp. |
1/8 tsp. noncaloric sweetener solution or follow manufacturer's directions |
Sugar, granulated |
1 cup |
1 1/2 cups corn syrup (Decrease liquid called for in the recipe by 1/4 cup.) |
Sugar, granulated |
1 cup |
1 1/3 cups molasses (Decrease liquid called for in the recipe by 1/3 cup.) |
Sugar, granulated |
1 cup |
1 cup powdered sugar |
Sugar, granulated |
1 cup |
1 cup brown sugar, frmly packed |
Sugar, granulated |
1 cup |
3/4 cup honey (Decrease liquid called for in the recipe by 1/2 cup; for each cup of honey in baked goods, add 1/2 tsp. soda). |
Tomato juice |
1 cup |
1/2 cup tomato sauce and 1/2 cup water |
Worcestershire sauce |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp. bottled steak sauce |
Yogurt, plain |
1 cup |
1 cup butermilk |
Yogurt, plain |
1 cup |
1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth |
Yogurt, plain |
1 cup |
1 cup sour cream |
Half & Half |
1 cup |
7/8 cup whole milk plus 2 tbsp. melted unsalted butter |
Cream |
1 cup |
1/3 cup butter plus 2/3 cup milk |